{"id":1106,"date":"2025-03-04T22:36:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T22:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/?p=1106"},"modified":"2025-03-04T22:36:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T22:36:15","slug":"ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/2025\/03\/04\/ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security\/","title":{"rendered":"CCNA Study Notes &#8211; VLAN and Port Security"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Port security on a Cisco IOS switch is a security feature that restricts input to an interface by limiting and identifying MAC addresses that are allowed to access the port. This helps prevent unauthorized devices from connecting to your network.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Concepts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MAC Address Learning:<\/strong>\u00a0The switch learns the MAC addresses of devices connected to the port.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maximum MAC Addresses:<\/strong>\u00a0You can configure the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a port.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Violation Modes:<\/strong>\u00a0You can configure how the switch handles a security violation (when an unauthorized MAC address tries to connect).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sticky MAC Addresses:<\/strong>\u00a0This feature allows the switch to dynamically learn MAC addresses and add them to the running configuration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Violation Modes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Protect:<\/strong>\u00a0Packets from unknown MAC addresses are dropped, but no notification is sent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Restrict:<\/strong>\u00a0Packets from unknown MAC addresses are dropped, and a notification (syslog message) is sent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Shutdown:<\/strong>\u00a0The port is placed in an error-disabled state, effectively shutting it down.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cisco IOS Configuration Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here are some examples of how to configure port security on a Cisco IOS switch:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Basic Port Security:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>Cisco CLI<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<pre><code>interface GigabitEthernet0\/1\r\n switchport mode access\r\n switchport port-security\r\n switchport port-security maximum 1\r\n switchport port-security violation shutdown\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><code>switchport mode access<\/code>: Configures the port as an access port.<\/li>\n<li><code>switchport port-security<\/code>: Enables port security.<\/li>\n<li><code>switchport port-security maximum 1<\/code>: Limits the number of allowed MAC addresses to 1.<\/li>\n<li><code>switchport port-security violation shutdown<\/code>: Configures the port to shut down if a violation occurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Configuring Specific MAC Addresses:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>Cisco CLI<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<pre><code>interface GigabitEthernet0\/2\r\n switchport mode access\r\n switchport port-security\r\n switchport port-security mac-address 000A.95BD.6842\r\n switchport port-security mac-address 000B.96CE.7953\r\n switchport port-security violation restrict\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><code>switchport port-security mac-address &lt;MAC address&gt;<\/code>: Specifies the allowed MAC addresses.<\/li>\n<li><code>switchport port-security violation restrict<\/code>: Configures the port to restrict traffic and send a notification upon violation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Using Sticky MAC Addresses:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>Cisco CLI<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<pre><code>interface GigabitEthernet0\/3\r\n switchport mode access\r\n switchport port-security\r\n switchport port-security mac-address sticky\r\n switchport port-security violation protect\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><code>switchport port-security mac-address sticky<\/code>:<sup>\u00a01\u00a0<\/sup>Enables sticky MAC addresses. The switch will dynamically learn the MAC address of the first device that connects and add it to the running configuration.\u00a0<button><\/button>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>1. forum.ciscoinpersian.com<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>forum.ciscoinpersian.com<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>switchport port-security violation protect<\/code>: Configures the port to protect traffic upon violation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Configuring Maximum MAC addresses with sticky MAC addresses:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>Cisco CLI<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<pre><code>interface GigabitEthernet0\/4\r\n switchport mode access\r\n switchport port-security\r\n switchport port-security maximum 3\r\n switchport port-security mac-address sticky\r\n switchport port-security violation shutdown\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>This configuration will allow the first 3 mac addresses to connect to the port, and will add them to the running configuration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Verification Commands:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>show port-security interface &lt;interface&gt;<\/code>: Displays port security settings for a specific interface.<\/li>\n<li><code>show port-security address<\/code>: Displays all secure MAC addresses on the switch.<\/li>\n<li><code>show running-config interface &lt;interface&gt;<\/code>: Shows the configuration of a specific interface, including sticky MAC addresses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Important Considerations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Port security is most effective on access ports.<\/li>\n<li>Carefully plan your violation mode based on your security requirements.<\/li>\n<li>Use sticky MAC addresses with caution, as they can lead to configuration issues if devices are frequently moved.<\/li>\n<li>Regularly monitor port security logs and alerts.<\/li>\n<li>When using sticky mac addresses, remember to use the copy run start command to save the mac addresses to the startup configuration, so that they are reloaded after a switch reboot.<\/li>\n<li>If you are using voice vlan, ensure that you configure port security for the voice vlan as well as the data vlan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Port security is a valuable tool for enhancing network security by controlling device access at the port level.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Advanced port security methods on Cisco IOS, building upon the basic concepts:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"chat-history\" class=\"chat-history-scroll-container\">\n<div id=\"0f4324be697e61cc\" class=\"conversation-container message-actions-hover-boundary response-optimization tts-removed ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"response-container ng-tns-c1056013835-155 response-optimization response-container-with-gpi tts-removed ng-star-inserted response-container-has-multiple-responses\">\n<div class=\"presented-response-container ng-tns-c1056013835-155\">\n<div class=\"response-container-content ng-tns-c1056013835-155 tunable-selection-with-avatar\">\n<div class=\"response-content ng-tns-c1056013835-155\">\n<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_0f4324be697e61cc\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel tutor-markdown-rendering stronger\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p data-sourcepos=\"3:1-3:66\"><strong>1. DHCP Snooping and Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) Integration:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"5:1-7:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"5:1-5:96\">These features enhance port security by preventing unauthorized DHCP servers and ARP spoofing.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"6:1-7:0\">Integrating them with port security provides a more robust defense against network attacks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"code-block ng-tns-c3702088068-168 ng-trigger ng-trigger-codeBlockRevealAnimation\">\n<div class=\"code-block-decoration header-formatted gds-title-s ng-tns-c3702088068-168 ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-168\">Cisco CLI<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"buttons ng-tns-c3702088068-168 ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"formatted-code-block-internal-container ng-tns-c3702088068-168\">\n<div class=\"animated-opacity ng-tns-c3702088068-168\">\n<pre class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-168\"><code class=\"code-container formatted ng-tns-c3702088068-168\" data-test-id=\"code-content\" data-sourcepos=\"8:1-18:26\">ip dhcp snooping vlan 10\r\nip dhcp snooping\r\ninterface GigabitEthernet0\/<span class=\"citation-0 citation-end-0\">1\r\n switchport mode access\r\n switchport port-security\r\n switchport port-security maximum 1\r\n switchport port-security violation shutdown<\/span>\r\n ip arp inspection limit rate 15\r\n ip arp inspection vlan 10\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"20:1-25:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"20:1-20:64\"><code>ip dhcp snooping vlan 10<\/code>: Enables DHCP snooping for VLAN 10.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"21:1-21:53\"><code>ip dhcp snooping<\/code>: enables dhcp snooping globally.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"22:1-22:92\"><code>ip arp inspection limit rate 15<\/code>: Limits the ARP inspection rate to prevent ARP flooding.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"23:1-23:55\"><code>ip arp inspection vlan 10<\/code>: Enables DAI for VLAN 10.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"24:1-25:0\">These commands, when used in conjunction with port security, ensure that only valid DHCP and ARP traffic is allowed on the port.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"26:1-26:32\"><strong>2. Voice VLAN Port Security:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"28:1-29:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"28:1-29:0\">When using Voice VLANs, it&#8217;s crucial to apply port security to both the data and voice VLANs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"code-block ng-tns-c3702088068-169 ng-trigger ng-trigger-codeBlockRevealAnimation\">\n<div class=\"code-block-decoration header-formatted gds-title-s ng-tns-c3702088068-169 ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-169\">Cisco CLI<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"buttons ng-tns-c3702088068-169 ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"formatted-code-block-internal-container ng-tns-c3702088068-169\">\n<div class=\"animated-opacity ng-tns-c3702088068-169\">\n<pre class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-169\"><code class=\"code-container formatted ng-tns-c3702088068-169\" data-test-id=\"code-content\" data-sourcepos=\"30:1-39:43\">interface GigabitEthernet0\/2\r\n <span class=\"citation-1\">switchport mode access\r\n switchport voice vlan 20\r\n switchport port-security\r\n <\/span><span class=\"citation-1 citation-2 citation-end-1\">switchport port-security maximum 2\r\n switchport port-security<\/span><span class=\"citation-2 citation-end-2\"> mac-address sticky\r\n switchport port-security violation restrict\r\n switchport port-security<\/span> voice vlan\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"41:1-44:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"41:1-41:56\"><code>switchport voice vlan 20<\/code>: Configures the voice VLAN.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"42:1-42:81\"><code>switchport port-security voice vlan<\/code>: extends port security to the voice vlan.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"43:1-44:0\"><code>switchport port-security maximum 2<\/code>: Allows for a phone and a computer to connect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"45:1-45:27\"><strong>3. Port Security Aging:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"47:1-48:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"47:1-48:0\">Port security aging allows you to automatically remove learned MAC addresses after a specified period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"code-block ng-tns-c3702088068-170 ng-trigger ng-trigger-codeBlockRevealAnimation\">\n<div class=\"code-block-decoration header-formatted gds-title-s ng-tns-c3702088068-170 ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-170\">Cisco CLI<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"buttons ng-tns-c3702088068-170 ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"formatted-code-block-internal-container ng-tns-c3702088068-170\">\n<div class=\"animated-opacity ng-tns-c3702088068-170\">\n<pre class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-170\"><code class=\"code-container formatted ng-tns-c3702088068-170\" data-test-id=\"code-content\" data-sourcepos=\"49:1-57:43\">interface GigabitEthernet0\/3\r\n switchport mode access\r\n switchport port-security\r\n switchport port-security mac-address sticky\r\n switchport port-security aging time 30\r\n switchport port-security aging type inactivity\r\n switchport port-security violation protect\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"59:1-61:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"59:1-59:78\"><code>switchport port-security aging time 30<\/code>: Sets the aging time to 30 minutes.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"60:1-61:0\"><code>switchport port-security aging type inactivity<\/code>: Configures aging based on inactivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"62:1-62:32\"><strong>4. Secure MAC Address Aging:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"64:1-65:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"64:1-65:0\">This feature allows the aging of dynamically learned secure mac addresses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"code-block ng-tns-c3702088068-171 ng-trigger ng-trigger-codeBlockRevealAnimation\">\n<div class=\"code-block-decoration header-formatted gds-title-s ng-tns-c3702088068-171 ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-171\">Cisco CLI<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"buttons ng-tns-c3702088068-171 ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"formatted-code-block-internal-container ng-tns-c3702088068-171\">\n<div class=\"animated-opacity ng-tns-c3702088068-171\">\n<pre class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-171\"><code class=\"code-container formatted ng-tns-c3702088068-171\" data-test-id=\"code-content\" data-sourcepos=\"66:1-69:46\">switchport port-security aging time 60\r\nswitchport port-security aging type inactivity\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"71:1-72:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"71:1-72:0\">These commands will globally set the aging time and type for the secure mac addresses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"73:1-73:23\"><strong>5. Protected Ports:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"75:1-76:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"75:1-76:0\">Protected ports prevent traffic from being forwarded between ports that have the same protected port setting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"code-block ng-tns-c3702088068-172 ng-trigger ng-trigger-codeBlockRevealAnimation\">\n<div class=\"code-block-decoration header-formatted gds-title-s ng-tns-c3702088068-172 ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-172\">Cisco CLI<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"buttons ng-tns-c3702088068-172 ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"formatted-code-block-internal-container ng-tns-c3702088068-172\">\n<div class=\"animated-opacity ng-tns-c3702088068-172\">\n<pre class=\"ng-tns-c3702088068-172\"><code class=\"code-container formatted ng-tns-c3702088068-172\" data-test-id=\"code-content\" data-sourcepos=\"77:1-81:21\">interface GigabitEthernet0\/4\r\n switchport mode access\r\n switchport protected\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"83:1-84:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"83:1-84:0\">This is useful for isolating devices on the same VLAN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"85:1-85:33\"><strong>6. Port Security with 802.1X:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"87:1-88:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"87:1-88:0\">Combining port security with 802.1X authentication provides a very strong security solution. 802.1x handles authentication, and port security handles mac address limitations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"89:1-89:50\"><strong>Key Considerations for Advanced Port Security:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-sourcepos=\"91:1-98:0\">\n<li data-sourcepos=\"91:1-91:118\"><strong>Network Design:<\/strong>\u00a0Plan your port security implementation based on your network topology and security requirements.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"92:1-92:102\"><strong>Monitoring and Logging:<\/strong>\u00a0Regularly monitor port security logs and alerts for suspicious activity.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"93:1-93:64\"><strong>Documentation:<\/strong>\u00a0Document your port security configurations.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"94:1-94:104\"><strong>Testing:<\/strong>\u00a0Thoroughly test your configurations before implementing them in a production environment.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"95:1-95:87\"><strong>Security Policies:<\/strong>\u00a0Develop and enforce clear security policies for device access.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"96:1-96:134\"><strong>Dynamic Environments:<\/strong>\u00a0In dynamic environments, consider using sticky MAC addresses with aging to reduce administrative overhead.<\/li>\n<li data-sourcepos=\"97:1-98:0\"><strong>AAA Server Integration:<\/strong>\u00a0For advanced authentication and authorization, integrate port security with an AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) server.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-sourcepos=\"99:1-99:161\">These advanced methods provide a more comprehensive and robust approach to port security, helping to protect your network from a wider range of security threats.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"input-area-container ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"input-area ng-tns-c3155154622-2\" data-node-type=\"input-area\">\n<div class=\"text-input-field ng-tns-c3155154622-2\">\n<div class=\"leading-actions-wrapper ng-tns-c3155154622-2 ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0Checkout free\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tutorialsweb.com\/networking\/cisco\/index.htm\">CCNA study notes<\/a>\u00a0at tutorialsweb.com<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ref:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tutorialsweb.com\/networking\/cisco\/security-fundamentals\/security-fundamentals-8.htm\">https:\/\/www.tutorialsweb.com\/networking\/cisco\/security-fundamentals\/security-fundamentals-8.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tutorialsweb.com\/networking\/cisco\/network-access\/network-access-4.htm\">https:\/\/www.tutorialsweb.com\/networking\/cisco\/network-access\/network-access-4.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/2025\/03\/04\/ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security\/'><div class='heateor_sss_sharing_title' style=\"font-weight:bold\" >Share<\/div><div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook Share\" style=\"padding:7.35px 0 !important\" class=\"heateor_sss_facebook_share\"><div class=\"fb-share-button\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/2025\/03\/04\/ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security\/\" data-layout=\"button\"><\/div><\/a><a aria-label=\"Tweet\" style=\"padding:7.35px 0!important\" class=\"heateor_sss_twitter_tweet\" data-heateor-sss-href=\"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/2025\/03\/04\/ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share\" class=\"twitter-share-button\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/2025\/03\/04\/ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security\/\" 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\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\" async src=\"\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinit.js\"><\/script><\/a><a class=\"heateor_sss_more\" aria-label=\"More\" title=\"More\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"font-size: 32px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/2025\/03\/04\/ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security\/\" onclick=\"event.preventDefault()\"><span class=\"heateor_sss_svg\" style=\"background-color:#ee8e2d;width:35px;height:35px;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;\" onclick=\"heateorSssMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/2025\/03\/04\/ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security\/', 'CCNA%20Study%20Notes%20-%20VLAN%20and%20Port%20Security', '' )\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"-.3 0 32 32\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" style=\"display:block;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"heateorSssClear\"><\/div><\/div><div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><p>Port security on a Cisco IOS switch is a security feature that restricts input to an interface by limiting and identifying MAC addresses that are allowed to access the port. This helps prevent unauthorized devices from connecting to your network. Key Concepts: MAC Address Learning:\u00a0The switch learns the MAC addresses of devices connected to the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/2025\/03\/04\/ccna-study-notes-vlan-and-port-security\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;CCNA Study Notes &#8211; VLAN and Port Security&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[304,287,305,306],"class_list":["post-1106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-ccna-security","tag-ccna-study-notes","tag-port-security","tag-vlan-security"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1106"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1107,"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106\/revisions\/1107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simulationexams.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}